European air quality (EEA)
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Europe's air quality archive, as the European Environment Agency publishes it through the Air Quality Download Service: one row per sampling point, time interval and aggregation type, from 2013 to now, for the 39 reporting countries. Both of the EEA’s quality tiers are included and flagged in a `tier` column — E1a, the verified data each country reports by 30 September for the previous year, and E2a ("Up-To-Date"), the unverified stream transmitted continuously and running about two hours behind live. The data is kept in the source’s own long form, so every pollutant a country reports is present rather than a curated handful: alongside PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, SO2 and CO there are benzene, the heavy metals and the rest of the Eionet vocabulary. Every value carries its validity and verification status, and the companion tables turn the codes into words: stations, sampling points, pollutants and the three code vocabularies. For Romania this is the same national monitoring network (RNMCA/ANPM) reached through the official European channel: no credentials, full history back to 2013, and verified numbers where they exist.
CC-BY-4.0Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Attribution, terms and provenanceWhat you must carry if you reuse this
- Attribution
- Air quality data from the European Environment Agency (EEA) Air Quality Download Service, reported by the EEA member and cooperating countries under Directive 2008/50/EC. Licensed CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); copyright holder: European Environment Agency.
- Notes
- THE TERMS. The EEA legal notice (https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/legal-notice, modified 2026-07-02) states: "Unless otherwise indicated, the European Environment Agency (EEA) is the owner of copyrights and database rights in this website and its contents, and EEA materials are published under the CC-BY license" and "Information, documents and material available on this website and for which the EEA holds the rights of use are public and may be re-used without prior permission, free of charge, for commercial or non-commercial purposes, provided that the EEA is always acknowledged as the original source of the material and that the original meaning or message of the content is not distorted. Such acknowledgment must be included in each copy of the material. The re-use of the content on the EEA website covers the reproduction, adaptation and/or distribution, irrespective of the means and/or the format used." The EEA re-use policy follows Directive 2003/98/EC, the Commission Decision of 12 December 2011 on the re-use of Commission documents (2011/833/EU) and Directive 2013/37/EU. This specific dataset carries the same licence at the record level: the INSPIRE metadata for "Air Quality download service for verified and Up To Date data, 2013-now" in the EEA spatial data catalogue (https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/catalogue/datahub/api/records/fe809728-9cec-41c0-a9be-3a8f04600974) records its legal constraints verbatim as "License CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA)." CAVEATS A REUSER MUST READ. (1) THIRD-PARTY CONTENT. The same legal notice says the permission above "do[es] not apply to content supplied by third parties". The measurements here are reported to the EEA by national environmental agencies under the Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EC) and its Implementing Decision 2011/850/EU, and the EEA publishes the aggregate; a reuser redistributing one country’s subset should name that country’s agency as well — for Romania, ANPM / Rețeaua Națională de Monitorizare a Calității Aerului. The EEA logo is separately restricted and is not republished here. (2) THE E2a TIER IS NOT THE OFFICIAL RECORD. Rows with tier = "E2a" are the Up-To-Date stream: unverified, mostly verification = 2 or 3, and subject to revision or withdrawal. The official, ratified record is the E1a tier, which arrives up to twenty-one months later. Presenting an E2a number as a country’s official air quality figure misrepresents the source. (3) INVALID VALUES ARE PUBLISHED, NOT REMOVED. A negative `validity` means the value failed its check or the station was being calibrated; those rows are kept so the record is complete, and an analysis that does not filter them is wrong. (4) WHAT IS CHANGED. This is a derived work: the source’s own columns, renamed to snake_case, with the no-data sentinel -9900 stored as NULL, a UTC instant added beside the source’s UTC+1 wall clock, and the Eionet vocabularies joined in as lookup tables. No value is converted, rounded or removed. Every measurement column description quotes the EEA’s own "Parquet schema definition" section verbatim, from https://eeadmz1-downloads-webapp.azurewebsites.net/content/documentation/How_To_Downloads.pdf.
- Version
- snapshot 2026-10-22 · 01M5HW35X09ZH2R7KNH5PJ2A6W
- Machine-readable:
- llms.txtmanifest.jsoncatalog
Tables
Open a table for its columnsLoading the schema…
Queries
Copy a snippet, or run it in the playgroundQuery it yourselfConnection snippets for DuckDB — Parquet or the live lake
Generated from this exact manifest version, so the URLs are the ones actually published.
ATTACH IF NOT EXISTS 'ducklake:https://data-directory.fsn1.your-objectstorage.com/catalog/catalog.ducklake' AS "datadirectory" (READ_ONLY);
SELECT *
FROM datadirectory.eea_air_quality.measurements
LIMIT 10;